source:other news release time:2023-08-10 Hits: Popular:led screen wholesaler
To understand the luminescence principle of diodes, one must first understand the basic knowledge of semiconductors. The conductivity of semiconductor materials is intermediate between that of conductors and insulators
The uniqueness of semiconductors lies in the significant changes in their conductivity when stimulated by external light and heat conditions; Adding trace impurities to pure semiconductors significantly increases their conductivity. The most widely used semiconductors in modern electronics are silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), both of which have four outermost electrons. When silicon or germanium atoms form a crystal, adjacent atoms interact with each other, making the outer electrons shared by two atoms. This forms the Covalent bond structure in the crystal, which is a molecular structure with little constraint. At room temperature (300K), due to thermal excitation, some outermost electrons will get enough energy to break away from Covalent bond and become free electrons. This process is called intrinsic excitation. After the electron gets rid of the bondage and becomes a free electron, a vacancy will be left in the Covalent bond. This vacancy is called a hole. The appearance of a hole is an important feature that distinguishes semiconductors from conductors.
As a hole appears in the Covalent bond, under the action of an external electric field or other energy sources, the adjacent Valence electron will fill the hole, and a new hole will be formed in the original position of the electron, and other electrons will be transferred to the new hole later. In this way, a certain charge transfer is generated. We can use the following formula to calculate the concentration of free electrons in Intrinsic semiconductor:
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